Book chapters
1. B. Scharf & Schmitt R. (2003) Sensory transduction and motion control in Sinorhizobium meliloti. In: Regulatory networks in Prokaryotes, edited by P. Dürre & B. Friedrich, Horizon scientific press, 13-16.
2. A.C. Smith, Ad-Marbach G., Stevens A.M., Balcom S.A., Buchner J., Daniel S.L., DeStefano J.J., El-Sayed N.M., Frauwirth K., Lee V.T., McIver K.S., Melville S.B., Mosser D.M., Popham D.L., Scharf B.E., Schubot F.D., Seyler R.W., Shields P.A., Song W., Stein D.C., Stewart R.C., Thompson K.V., Yang Z., and Yarwood S.A. (2015) Successful Model for Professional Development: Creating and Sustaining Faculty Learning Communities. In: Transforming Institutions, edited by G.C. Weaver, Burgess, W.D., Childress A.L. & Slakey L., Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana, 280-293.
3. N. Dhiman, Uthoff J., Scharf B.E., and Kumar V. (2024) Plant-microbe interaction to improve soil health. In: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Reviews
1. R. Schmitt & Scharf B. (2001) Das Rad–eine uralte Erfindung der Natur. (English translation: The wheel – an ancient invention by nature). Blick in die Wissenschaft 10 (13), 34-36.
2. B. Scharf (2004) Der Flagellenmotor von Sinorhizobium meliloti: Geschwindigkeitsvariation und neue Motorkomponenten. (English translation: The flagellar motor in Sinorhizobium meliloti: Speed variation and new motor components). Biospektrum 4/04, 400.
3. B. Scharf (2005) Fluoreszenzmarkierung bakterieller Flagellen zur direkten Bewegungsanalyse im Lichtmikroskop. (English translation: Fluorescence labeling of bacterial flagella for direct motion analysis in the light microscope). Biospektrum 4/05, 401-402.
4. B.E. Scharf (2011) Methoden zur Analyse von Zwei-Komponenten-Systemen. (English translation: Methods for the analysis of two component systems). Biospektrum 2/11, 168-170.
Peer-Reviewed Publications (total number of 84)
Research articles:
- B. Scharf, Pevec B., Hess B., Engelhard M. (1992) Biochemical and biophysical properties of the photophobic receptors from Halobacterium halobium and Natronobacterium pharaonis. Eur. J. Biochem. 206, 359-366.
2. B. Scharf, Engelhard M., Siebert F. (1992) A carboxyl group is protonated during the photocycle of the photophobic receptor psR-II from Natronobacterium pharaonis. Structures and functions of retinal proteins, edited by J.L. Rigaud. 221, 317-320.
3. B. Scharf, Hess B., Engelhard M. (1992) Chromophore of sensory rhodopsin II from Halobacterium halobium. Biochemistry 31, 12486-12492.
4. B. Scharf & Engelhard M. (1993) Halocyanin, an archaebacterial blue copper protein (type I) from Natronobacterium pharaonis. Biochemistry 32, 12894-12900.
5. M. Brischwein, Scharf B., Engelhard M., Mäntele M. (1993) Analysis of the redox reaction of an archaebacterial copper protein, halocyanin, by electrochemistry and FTIR difference spectroscopy. Biochemistry 32, 13710-13717.
6. B. Scharf & Wolff E.K. (1994) Phototactic behaviour of the archaebacterial Natronobacterium pharaonis. FEBS Letters 340, 114-116.
7. S. Mattar, Scharf B., Kent S.B.H., Rodewald K., Oesterhelt D., Engelhard M. (1994) The primary structure of halocyanin, an archaeal blue copper protein, predicts a lipid anchor for membrane fixation. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 14939-14945.
8. B. Scharf & Engelhard M. (1994) Blue halorhodopsin from Natronobacterium pharaonis: wavelength regulation by anions. Biochemistry 33, 6387-6393.
9. P. Hildebrandt, Matysik J., Schrader B., Scharf B., Engelhard M. (1994) Raman spectroscopic study of the blue copper protein halocyanin from Natronobacterium pharaonis. Biochemistry 33, 11426-11431.
10. R. Seidel, Scharf B., Gautel M., Kleine K., Oesterhelt D., Engelhard M. (1995) The primary structure of sensory rhodopsin II: a member of an additional retinal protein subgroup is coexpressed with its transducer, the halobacterial transducer of rhodopsin II. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92, 3036-3040.
11. D. Ehrenstein, Filiaci M., Scharf B., Engelhard M., Steinbach P.J., Nienhaus G.U. (1995) Ligand binding and protein dynamics in cupredoxins. Biochemistry 34, 12170-12177.
12. M. Engelhard, Scharf B., Siebert F. (1996) Protonation changes during the photocycle of sensory rhodopsin II from Natronobacterium pharaonis. FEBS Letters 395, 195-198.
13. B. Scharf, Wittenberg R., Engelhard M. (1997) Electron transfer proteins from the haloalkaliphilic archaeon Natronobacterium pharaonis: Possible components of the respiratory chain include cytochrome bc and a terminal oxidase cytochrome ba3. Biochemistry 36, 4471-4479.
15. B.E. Scharf, Fahrner K.A., Berg H.C. (1998) CheZ has no effect on flagellar motors activated by CheY13DK106YW. Journal of Bacteriology 180, 5123-5128.
16. V. Sourjik, Muschler P., Scharf B., Schmitt R. (2000) VisN and VisR are global regulators of chemotaxis, flagellar, and motility genes in Sinorhizobium (Rhizobium) meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology 182, 782-788.
17. H. Riepl, Scharf B., Schmitt R., Kalbitzer H.R., Maurer T. (2001) Letter to the editor: Sequential assignment and secondary structure of the 14 kDa chemotactic protein CheY2 from Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Biomolecular NMR 19, 287-288.
18. B. Scharf, Schuster-Wolff-Bühring H., Rachel R., Schmitt R. (2001) Mutational analysis of the Rhizobium lupini H13-3 and Sinorhizobium meliloti flagellin genes: Importance of flagellin A for flagellar filament structure and transcriptional regulation. Journal of Bacteriology 183, 5334-5342.
19. B. Scharf (2002) Real-time imaging of fluorescent flagellar filaments of Rhizobium lupini H13-3: Flagellar rotation and pH-induced polymorphic transitions. Journal of Bacteriology 184, 5979-5986.
20. J.M. González, Covert J.S., Whitman W.B., Henriksen J.R., Mayer F., Scharf B., Schmitt R., Buchan A., Fuhrman J.A., Kiene R.P., Moran M. A. (2003) Silicibacter pomeroyi sp. nov. and Roseovarius nubinhibens sp. nov., dimethylsulfoniopropionate-demethylating bacteria from marine environments. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53, 1261-1269.
21. H. Riepl, Scharf B., Schmitt R., Maurer T., Kalbitzer H.R. (2004) Solution structures of the inactive and BeF3-activated response regulator CheY2. Journal of Molecular Biology 338, 287-297. [cited in faculty of 1000]
22. E. Eggenhofer, Haslbeck M., Scharf B. (2004) MotE serves as a new chaperone specific for the periplasmic motility protein, MotC, in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Molecular Microbiology 52, 701-712.
23. T. Jakobiak, Mages W., Babinger P., Stark K., Scharf B., Schmitt R. (2004) The bacterial paromomycin resistance gene, aphH, as a dominant selectable marker in Volvox carteri. Protist 155, 381-93.
24. U. Attmannspacher, Scharf B., Schmitt R. (2005) Control of speed modulation (chemokinesis) in the unidirectional rotary motor of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Molecular Microbiology 56, 708-718.
25. K. Kunzelmann, Scheidt K., Scharf B., Ousingsawat J., Schreiber R., Wainwright B., McMorran B. (2006) Flagellin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibits Na+ transport in airway epithelia. FASEB Journal 545-6.
26. E. Eggenhofer, Rachel R., Haslbeck M., Scharf B. (2006) MotD of Sinorhizobium meliloti and related a-proteobacteria is the flagellar hook-length regulator and therefore re-assigned as FliK. Journal of Bacteriology 188, 2144-2153.
27. C. Rotter, Mühlbauer S., Schmitt R., Scharf B. (2006) Rem, a new transcriptional regulator of the flagellar regulon in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology 188, 6932-6942.
28. V.M. Meier, Muschler P., Scharf B.E. (2007) Functional analysis of nine putative chemoreceptor proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology 189, 1816-1826.
29. H. Riepl, Maurer T., Kalbitzer H.R., Meier V.M., Schmitt R., Scharf B. (2008) Interaction of CheY2 and CheY2-P with the cognate CheA kinase in the chemosensory-signalling chain of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Molecular Microbiology 69, 1373-1384.
30. U. Attmannspacher, Scharf B.E., Harshey R.M. (2008) FliL is essential for swarming: motor rotation in absence of FliL fractures the flagellar rod in swarmer cells of Salmonella enterica. Molecular Microbiology 68, 328-341.
31. V.M. Meier and B.E. Scharf (2009) Cellular localization of predicted transmembrane and soluble chemoreceptors in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology 191, 5724-33.
32. D. Wibberg, Blom J., Jaenicke S., Kollin F., Rupp O., Scharf B., Schneiker-Bekel S., Sczcepanowski R., Goesmann A., Setubal J.C., Schmitt R., Pühler A., Schlüter A. (2011) Complete genome sequencing of Agrobacterium sp. H13-3, the former Rhizobium lupini H13-3, reveals a tripartite genome consisting of a circular and a linear chromosome and an accessory plasmid but lacking a tumor-inducing Ti-plasmid. Journal of Biotechnology 155, 50-62.
33. G. Dogra, Purschke F.G., Wagner V., Haslbeck M., Kriehuber T., Hughes J.G., Van Tassell M.L., Gilbert C., Niemeyer M., Ray W.K., Helm R.F., Scharf B.E. (2012) Sinorhizobium meliloti CheA complexed with CheS exhibits enhanced binding to CheY1 resulting in accelerated CheY1-P dephosphorylation. Journal of Bacteriology 194, 1075-1087.
[cited in faculty of 1000]
34. J.Y. Yen, Broadway K., Scharf B.E. (2012) Minimum requirements of flagellation and motility for the infection of Agrobacterium sp. H13-3 by the flagellotropic bacteriophage 7-7-1. Applied & Environmental Microbiology 78, 7216-7222.
35. D. Wibberg, Blom J., Rückert C., Winkler A., Albersmeier A., Pühler A., Schlüter A., Scharf B.E. (2013) Draft genome sequence of Sinorhizobium meliloti RU11/001, a model organism for flagellum structure, motility and chemotaxis. Journal of Biotechnology 168(4), 731-733.
36. H.M. Zatakia, Nelson C.E., Syed U.J., Scharf B.E. (2014) ExpR coordinates the expression of symbiotically important, bundle-forming Flp pili with quorum sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Applied & Environmental Microbiology 80(8), 2429-2439.
37. B. Webb, Hildreth S., Helm R.F., Scharf B.E. (2014) Sinorhizobium meliloti chemoreceptor McpU mediates chemotaxis toward host plant exudates through direct proline sensing. Applied & Environmental Microbiology 80(11), 3404-3415.
38. A. Sahari, Traore M.A., Scharf B.E.,Behkam B. (2014) Directed transport of bacteria-based drug delivery vehicles: Bacterial chemotaxis dominates particle shape. Biomedical Microdevices 16, 717–725.
39. K.M. Broadway, Modise T., Jensen R.V., Scharf B.E. (2014) Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium VNP20009, a strain engineered for tumor targeting. Journal of Biotechnology 192, 177-178.
40. M. Amin, Kothamachu V., Feliu E., Scharf B.E., Porter S.L., Soyer O.S. (2014) Phosphate sink containing two-component signaling systems as tunable threshold devices. PLOS Computational Biology 10(10), 1-11.
41. A. Sahari, Traore M.A., Stevens A.M., Scharf B.E., Behkam B. (2014) Toward development of an autonomous network of BacteriaBots: Spatiotemporally high throughput characterization of bacterial quorum-sensing response. Analytical Chemistry 86(23), 11489-11493.
42. K.M. Broadway, Denson E.A., Jensen R.V., Scharf B.E. (2015) Rescuing chemotaxis of the anticancer agent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium VNP20009. Journal of Biotechnology 211, 117-120.
43. B.A. Webb, Helm R.F., Scharf B.E. (2016) Contribution of individual chemoreceptors to Sinorhizobium meliloti chemotaxis towards amino acids of host and non-host seed exudates. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions 29(3), 231-239.
44. B.A. Webb, Compton K.K., Saldaña R.C., Arapov T., Ray W.K., HelmR.F., Scharf B.E. (2017) Sinorhizobium meliloti chemotaxis to quaternary ammonium compounds is mediated by the chemoreceptor McpX. Molecular Microbiology 103(2), 333-346.
45. A.M. Stevens, Smith A.C., Marbach-Ad G., Balcom S.A., Buchner J., Daniel S.L., DeStefano J.J., El-Sayed N.M., Frauwirth K., Lee V.T., McIver K.S., Melville S.B., Mosser D.M., Popham D.L., Scharf B.E., Schubot F.D., Seyler Jr. R.W., Shields P.A., Song W., Stein D.C., Stewart R.C., Thompson K.V., Yang Z., and Yarwood S.A. (2017) Using a concept inventory to reveal common student misconceptions about antibiotic resistance. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education 18(1), 1-6.
46. S.L. Coutermarsh-Ott, Broadway K.M., Scharf B.E., Allen I.C. (2017) Effect of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium VNP20009 and VNP20009 with restored chemotaxis on 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma progression. Oncotarget, 8(20), 33601-33613.
47. K.M. Broadway, Suh S., Behkam B, Scharf B.E. (2017) Optimizing the restored chemotactic behavior of anticancer agent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium VNP20009. Journal of Biotechnology 251, 76-83.
48. B.A. Webb, Compton K.K., Martin del Campo J.S., Taylor D., Sobrado P., Scharf B.E. (2017) Sinorhizobium meliloti chemotaxis to multiple amino acids is mediated by chemoreceptor McpU. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions 30(10), 770-777.
49. W.P. Black, Wang L., Jing X., Saldaña R.C., Li F., Scharf B.E., Schubot F.D., Yang Z. (2017) The type IV pilus assembly ATPase PilB functions as a signaling protein to regulate exopolysaccharide production in Myxococcus xanthus. Scientific Reports 7(1), 7263, 1-13.
50. H.M. Zatakia, Arapov T.D., Meier V.M., Scharf B.E. (2018) Cellular stoichiometry of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology, 200(6), 1-14.
51. F. Gonzalez, Helm R.F., Broadway K.M, Scharf B.E. (2018) More than rotating flagella: LPS as a secondary receptor for flagellotropic phage 7-7-1; Journal of Bacteriology, 200(19), 1-16.
[Selected for the Spotlight Section of the Journal]
53. M. Shrestha, Compton K.K., Mancl J., Webb B.A., Scharf B.E.,* Schubot, F.D.* (2018) Crystal structure of the sensory domain of the first known bacterial betaine chemosensor: The methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein X (McpX) from Sinorhizobium meliloti. Biochemical Journal 14, 475(24), 3949-3962.
* Co-corresponding authors.
54. D. William, Schleupner B., Varano A.C, Alden N., Gonzalez F., Casasanta M., Scharf B.E., Dukes M., Kelly D. (2019) Liquid-cell electron tomography of biological systems. Nano Letters, 19, 6734-6741.
55. X. Li, Gonzalez F., Esteves N., Scharf B.E.,* Chen J.* (2020) Formation of phage lysis patterns and implications on co-propagation of phages and motile host bacteria. PLoS Computational Biology, 16(3), 1-22.
* Co-corresponding authors.
56. T.D. Arapov, Castañeda Saldaña R., Sebastian A.L., Ray W.K., Helm R.F., Scharf B.E. (2020) Cellular stoichiometry of chemotaxis proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology, 202(14), 141-120.
57. T.D. Arapov, Kim J., CroninR.M., Pahima M., Scharf B.E. (2020) Programmed proteolysis of chemotaxis proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti: Features in the C-terminal region control McpU degradation. Journal of Bacteriology, 202(17), 1-15.
[Selected for the Spotlight Section of the Journal]
58. K.K. Compton, HildrethS.B., HelmR.F., ScharfB.E. (2020) An updated perspective on Sinorhizobium meliloti chemotaxis to alfalfa flavonoids. Frontiers in Microbiology. 11, 1-12.
59. N.C. Esteves, Porwollik S., McClelland M., Scharf B.E. (2021) The multi-drug efflux system AcrABZ-TolC is essential for infection of Salmonella Typhimurium by the flagellum-dependent bacteriophage Chi. Journal of Virology, 59(11), 1-13.
60. F. Gonzalez & Scharf B.E. (2021) Identification of receptor binding proteins in flagellotropic Agrobacterium phage 7-7-1. Viruses, 13(7), 1-21.
61. H. Baaziz, K.K. Compton, HildrethS.B., HelmR.F., ScharfB.E. (2021) McpT, a broad range carboxylate chemoreceptor in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology, 203(17), 1-16.
62. K.K. Compton, Jensen R., Lahmers K., Scharf B.E. (2022) Complete genome sequence of Curtobacterium sp. isolated from surface-sterilized germinating alfalfa seeds. Microbiology Resource Announcement 11(2), 1-2.
63. M.A.B. Kreutzberger, Sobe R., Sauder A.B., ChatterjeeS., PenaA., WangF., GironJ.A., KiesslingV., Costa T.R.D., ConticelloV.P., FrankelG., KendallM.M., ScharfB.E.* EgelmanE.H.* (2022) Dimerization and tetramerization of flagellin outer domains modulate polymorphism and motility in pathogenic E. coli and soil bacteria. Nature Communications, 7;13(1):1422.
*Co-corresponding authors.
64. R.C. Sobe, Gilbert C., Vo L., Alexandre G., Scharf B.E. (2022) FliL and its paralog MotF have distinct roles in the stator activity of the Sinorhizobium meliloti flagellar motor. Molecular Microbiology 118(3), 223-243.
65. M.A.B. Kreutzberger, Sonani R.R., Liu J., Chatterjee S., Wang F., Sebastian A.L., Biswas P., Ewing C., Zheng W., Poly F., Frankel G., Luisi B.F., Calladine C.R., Krupovic M., Scharf B.E., Egelman E.H. (2022) Convergent evolution in the supercoiling of prokaryotic flagellar filaments. Cell 15;185(19):3487-3500.
66. S. Salar, Ball N.E., Baaziz H., Nix J.C., Sobe R.C., Compton K.K., Zhulin I.B., Brown A.M., Scharf B.E., Schubot F.D. (2023) The structural analysis of the periplasmic domain of Sinorhizobium meliloti chemoreceptor McpZ reveals a novel fold and suggests a complex mechanism of transmembrane signaling. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics.; 91(10):1394-1406.
67. N.C. Esteves, Bigham D.N., Scharf B.E. (2023) Phages on filaments: A genetic screen elucidates the complex interactions between Salmonella enterica flagellin and bacteriophage Chi, PLOS Pathogens; 19(8).
68. R.R. Sonani, Esteves N.C., Horton A.A., Kelly R.J., Sebastian A.L., Wang F., Kreutzberger M.A.B., Leiman P.G.*, Scharf B.E.*, Egelman E.H.* (2023) “Neck and capsid architecture of the robust Agrobacterium phage Milano” Springer Nature Communications Biology; 6(1):921.
* Co-corresponding authors.
69.R.R. Sonani, Palmer L.K., Esteves N.C., Horton A.A., SebastianA.L., KellyR.J., WangF., Kreutzberger M.A.B., Russell W.K., Petr G. LeimanP.G.*, Scharf B.E.*, Egelman E.H.* (2024) “An extensive disulfide bond network prevents tail contraction in Agrobacterium tumefaciens phage Milano” Springer Nature Communications Biology; 15(1):756.
* Co-corresponding authors.
70. R.C. Sobe & Scharf B.E. (2024) “The swimming defect caused by absence of the transcriptional regulator LdtR in Sinorhizobium meliloti is restored by mutations in the motility genes motA and motS” Molecular Microbiology; 121(5):954-970.
71. R.R. Sonani, Esteves E.C., Scharf B.E.*, Egelman E.H.* (2024) “Cryo-EM structure of flagellotropic bacteriophage Chi” Structure, 024 Apr 3:S0969-2126(24)00093-5. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2024.03.011. Online ahead of print.
* Co-corresponding authors.
72. A. Agbekudzi & Scharf B.E. (2024) “Chemoreceptors in Sinorhizobium meliloti require minimal pentapeptide tethers to provide adaptational assistance” Molecular Microbiology, in press.
Manuscripts submitted for publication:
K.A. Fahrner*, Esteves N.C., Caswell C.C., Scharf B.E.* “Loss of temperature-sensitive flhDC expression in an ancestral lineage of Escherichia coli K-12” Journal of Bacteriology
* Co-corresponding authors.
N.C. Esteves & Scharf B.E. “Prodigiosin and bacteriophage Chi: Serratia marcescens ATCC 274 exhibits a colorful response to flagellotropic phage infection”
A. Agbekudzi, Arapov T.D., Lai W.-C., Hazelbauer G.L., Stock A.M., Scharf B.E. “The dual role of a novel Sinorhizobium meliloti chemotaxis protein CheT in signal termination and adaptation”, submitted, Molecular Microbiology
Review articles:
76. B. Scharf & Schmitt R. (2002) Sensory transduction to the flagellar motor of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 4, 183-186.
77. B.E. Scharf, Aldridge P.D., Kirby J.R., Crane B.R. (2009) Upward mobility and alternative lifestyles: a report from the 10th biennial meeting on Bacterial Locomotion and Signal Transduction. Molecular Microbiology 73, 5-19.
78. B.E. Scharf (2010) Summary of useful methods for two-component system research. Current Opinion in Microbiology 13(2), 246-252.
79. B.E. Scharf, Hynes M.F., Alexandre G.M. (2016) Chemotaxis signaling systems in model beneficial plant-bacteria associations. Plant Molecular Biology 90(6), 549-559.
80. B.A. Webb, Arapov T.D., Scharf B.E. (2018) Quantification of bacterial chemotactic responses at the mouths of hydgrogel capillaries. Methods in Molecular Biology 1729, 33-45.
81. K.M. Broadway & Scharf B.E. (2019) Salmonella Typhimurium as an anticancer therapy: recent advances and perspectives. Current Clinical Microbiology Reports 6(4), 225-239.
83. K.K. Compton & Scharf B.E. (2021) Rhizobial chemoattractants, the taste and preferences of legume symbionts. Frontiers in Plant Science 12, 1-8.
84. N.C. Esteves & Scharf B.E. (2022) Flagellotropic bacteriophages: opportunities and challenges for antimicrobial applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23(13):7084, 1-23.